Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is extremely common and typically shows up as cold sores around the mouth. While there’s no cure, there are proven treatments that can shorten outbreaks, ease symptoms, and reduce the chances of passing the virus to others. Whether you’re dealing with your first cold sore or looking to prevent future flare-ups, this guide covers the most effective ways to manage HSV-1.
From prescription antivirals to over-the-counter options, understanding how treatment works can help you take control of your symptoms and protect the people around you.
Can HSV-1 Be Cured?
No. Like all herpes viruses, HSV-1 stays in your body for life. After the first infection, the virus goes dormant in the nervous system and can reactivate periodically. But while there’s no cure, treatment options can reduce the severity and frequency of outbreaks—and lower the risk of passing the virus to others.
What Treatments Are Available for HSV-1?
Treatment options fall into two main categories: episodic treatment for active outbreaks and suppressive therapy for people with frequent recurrences.
Prescription Antivirals
These medications help your body fight the virus and heal outbreaks more quickly. They’re most effective when started at the first sign of symptoms, such as tingling or itching. Common options include:
- Acyclovir (Zovirax): One of the most widely used antiviral medications. Available as pills or topical cream.
- Valacyclovir (Valtrex): Often preferred for its convenient dosing schedule. Especially effective when taken early.
- Famciclovir (Famvir): Less commonly used but available in some cases as an alternative.
Suppressive Therapy
People who have frequent or severe outbreaks may take antiviral medication daily. Suppressive therapy can:
- Reduce the number of outbreaks by up to 70–80%
- Lower the risk of spreading HSV-1 to others
- Make future outbreaks shorter and less painful
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Treatments
If your cold sores are mild, you may be able to manage them with non-prescription remedies. While these won’t eliminate the virus, they can help relieve discomfort and speed up healing:
- Docosanol (Abreva): FDA-approved OTC cream that may shorten healing time if applied early.
- Lidocaine or benzocaine gels: Help numb the pain of sores and ulcers.
- Cold compresses: Reduce swelling and relieve discomfort.
- Lysine supplements: An amino acid that some people take to reduce recurrence frequency, though research is mixed.
Topical creams are most effective when applied during the prodrome phase—the period of tingling or sensitivity before sores appear.
How to Prevent Future Outbreaks
While you can’t completely prevent HSV-1 from reactivating, you can reduce the frequency of outbreaks by avoiding known triggers. Common outbreak triggers include:
- Stress or fatigue
- Illness (like colds or flu)
- Sun exposure or windburn
- Hormonal changes
- Dental procedures or trauma to the lips
Some people find that tracking outbreaks in a journal can help identify their personal triggers and better time treatment or prevention strategies.
Tips for Managing an Active Outbreak
If you’re in the middle of a cold sore outbreak, these tips can help reduce discomfort and limit transmission:
- Avoid touching or picking at sores
- Wash your hands frequently—especially after applying creams
- Don’t share drinks, utensils, lip balm, or towels
- Avoid kissing or oral sex until sores are fully healed
Cold sores usually heal on their own within 7–10 days. If an outbreak lasts longer than two weeks, or if sores are especially severe, consult a healthcare provider.
When to Consider Testing
If you’re unsure whether your symptoms are caused by HSV-1, or if you’ve had close contact with someone who has cold sores, testing can provide clarity. Blood tests can detect HSV-1 antibodies, even if you’ve never had a visible outbreak.
You can visit a local lab or order a home test kit. Trusted options like STDCheck and myLAB Box make it easy to check your status discreetly and quickly.
FAQs About HSV-1 Treatment
What’s the best treatment for cold sores?
Prescription antivirals like valacyclovir are typically the most effective. If you don’t have a prescription, OTC options like Abreva or numbing creams can help.
Should I take antivirals every day?
If you have frequent or severe outbreaks, daily suppressive therapy may be recommended. This decision is usually based on outbreak frequency and personal preference.
Can I still spread HSV-1 while on medication?
Yes, but the risk is lower. Antiviral therapy reduces the chance of transmission, especially when combined with avoiding contact during active outbreaks.
Sources
Need Help Managing HSV-1?
Getting tested is the first step toward treatment. These trusted providers offer discreet ways to check your HSV-1 status and move forward confidently.