Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the most common cause of genital herpes. It’s a lifelong infection, but the good news is that there are effective ways to manage it. With the right approach, most people living with HSV-2 can reduce the frequency of outbreaks, lower their risk of transmission, and live confidently and comfortably.
This page walks through everything you need to know about HSV-2 treatment—from daily antivirals and outbreak response to self-care strategies, emotional support, and tips for reducing transmission to partners.
Is There a Cure for HSV-2?
No—there’s currently no cure for HSV-2. Once you’re infected, the virus stays in your body for life, lying dormant in nerve cells and occasionally reactivating. But that doesn’t mean you’re powerless. Treatment options can reduce the severity and length of outbreaks, improve quality of life, and greatly reduce the risk of passing HSV-2 to others.
Antiviral Medications for HSV-2
Prescription antiviral drugs are the foundation of HSV-2 treatment. They work by preventing the virus from multiplying, helping your immune system control outbreaks more effectively. These medications are most helpful when taken early during an outbreak or as part of a daily regimen.
The three main options are:
- Acyclovir: Usually taken multiple times per day. Inexpensive and widely used, but less convenient due to frequent dosing.
- Valacyclovir (Valtrex): A more modern option, often taken once or twice daily. Easier to stay consistent with, and highly effective.
- Famciclovir: Used less commonly but also effective. Sometimes prescribed for people who can’t tolerate the other two.
These medications can be taken in two main ways: episodically or suppressively.
Episodic Treatment vs. Suppressive Therapy
Episodic Treatment
If you only get occasional outbreaks, your provider may recommend episodic treatment—taking antivirals as soon as you notice early signs like tingling, itching, or pain. This can reduce the severity and duration of outbreaks and help them heal faster.
Suppressive Therapy
If you have frequent outbreaks (usually defined as six or more per year) or want to reduce the risk of transmission to a partner, daily suppressive therapy may be the better choice. Taken every day, this strategy can:
- Reduce the number of outbreaks by up to 70–80%
- Lower asymptomatic shedding and transmission risk
- Provide peace of mind for both you and your partner
People in long-term relationships where one partner is HSV-2 negative often use daily antivirals along with condoms or dental dams to prevent transmission.
What About Over-the-Counter Options?
There are no OTC medications that treat HSV-2 itself, but some products may help relieve discomfort during an outbreak:
- Topical numbing creams (like lidocaine)
- Pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen
- Cool compresses or sitz baths to ease irritation
- Loose cotton clothing to reduce friction
These remedies can make you more comfortable, but they do not reduce viral shedding or prevent transmission. Prescription antivirals are the only proven medical treatment for managing HSV-2.
Managing Outbreak Triggers
Even with treatment, it’s helpful to identify your outbreak triggers. Common triggers include:
- Stress or emotional strain
- Illness or weakened immunity
- Hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation)
- Friction from sex or tight clothing
- Fatigue, poor diet, or lack of sleep
Keeping a symptom journal may help you identify patterns and manage flare-ups more proactively. Some people also incorporate immune support strategies such as staying hydrated, exercising regularly, and maintaining a consistent sleep routine.
Partner Communication and Disclosure
One of the most emotionally challenging parts of managing HSV-2 is discussing it with a partner. Treatment can be part of that conversation, especially when you can say: “I’m taking steps to manage this and protect you.”
Let your partner know whether you’re using suppressive therapy, and talk about using condoms or dental dams. Many couples successfully navigate HSV-2 together with honesty and good prevention strategies in place.
FAQs About HSV-2 Treatment
Do I need to take antivirals every day?
Not necessarily. If your outbreaks are infrequent, you may only need medication when symptoms appear. Daily treatment is ideal for frequent outbreaks or transmission prevention.
Will antivirals completely stop outbreaks?
No, but they can reduce how often outbreaks happen and how severe they are. Some people go years without a flare-up while on suppressive therapy.
Is it safe to take HSV-2 medication long-term?
Yes. Antiviral medications are generally well tolerated and safe for long-term use under medical supervision. They do not damage your organs or weaken your immune system.
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Need Help Managing HSV-2?
You’re not alone—and you have options. These trusted providers offer discreet HSV-2 testing and give you a starting point for treatment and prevention.